National spatial data infrastructure (NSDI) of Ukraine: what are its actual, feasible and simultaneously “correct” models?

Resume. The actual, feasible and simultaneously "correct" models of digital NSDI of Ukraine are considered in the work. A model of the existed digital NSDI system of Ukraine is named “actual”. This model already differs from the model defined by the [1]. As the latter is unlikely to be implemented in the near future, the issue of the digital feasible NSDI model of Ukraine in the next five years, which would take into account the actual model, is especially acute. In addition to feasibility, such a model must also be "correct", what is proposed in the article. The correct is called a model, the truth of which can be established by inductive or deductive reasoning. To do this, the correct model must be formalized enough so that everyone can verify the authors’ reasoning independently. Understanding both actual and correct models of NSDI of Ukraine will help to properly organize and develop actual Spatial Infrastructure Activities (SpIA) in Ukraine, including the real[1] implementation of the [1]. Although the results of the article call into question its feasibility and substantiate an alternative viewpoint on the automation problem of NGDI/NSDI/SpIA. However, we are convinced that it is still possible to change the alternative viewpoint to a cooperative one, if by means of by-laws the models of NGDI (Law), NSDI (article) and, finally, SpIA are agreed upon To prove the "correctness" of the feasible NSDI model, the theory of Relational cartography and its two main methods are used: Conceptual Frameworks and Solution Frameworks. In addition, the correspondence between Relational cartography and Model-Based Engineering is used. Key words: NSDI; product model; process model; actual, feasible and «correct» model. [1] Real. 1. Which exists in reality, true. Is used with: reality, life, existence, conditions, circumstances, fact, danger, force, wages, income. 2. One that can be implemented, executed: a real plan, a real program, a real task, a real deadline. 3. Which is based on taking into account and assessing the real conditions of reality: a real approach, a real view, a real policy.- accessed 2021-feb-14, http://slovopedia.org.ua/32/53408/32016.html (Ukrainian)

CIDOC CRM as the basis of the Electronic State Register of Immovable Cultural Heritage of Ukraine

Abstract. The article is the final in a series of articles on Conceptual Provisions for the Creation of a New Electronic State Register of Immovable Cultural Heritage (CH) of Ukraine. These provisions correspond to the components of the Solutions Framework (SoFr) of special Spatial Information Systems (SpIS) defined in the monograph [15]. The special SpIS of the new registry of the CH of Ukraine should belong to the class of Atlas Geoinformation Systems (AGIS), which is described in [14]. The first queue of AGIS – AGIS-CH1 – is proposed as the first queue of the new electronic State Register of Immovable CH of Ukraine. The first queue should include, at least, three components that are simultaneously SoFr packages: Products-Processes-Basics. The conceptual provisions of AGIS-CH1 describe these three most important components of the architectural pattern of AGIS-CH1: AGIS-CH1.Products, Part 1 [17]; AGIS-CH1.Processes, Part 2 [18], AGIS-CH1.Basics, Part 3, consisting of two subparts, 3.1 and 3.2. Subpart 3.1 is described in the article [19]. This article describes subpart 3.2, which is called "Basics. CIDOC CRM". It consists of two main sections. The first of these initially examines the prerequisites that lead to the use of CIDOC CRM. Such prerequisites are two evolutions: system and subject. System evolution claims that the time has come to consider the registry of the CH of Ukraine as a SpIS of the Web 3.0 Formation, also known as the Semantic Web, especially if we have in mind the creation of a new registry. Subject evolution refers to the evolution of understanding of the domain of cultural heritage. From the review of this issue in the monograph [4], it is obvious that modern CH registers should be "process" rather than "product". In order to proceed to the consideration of CIDOC CRM with a better understanding of the essence of the issue, the CHARM model (Cultural Heritage Abstract Reference Model) was considered. CIDOC CRM can also be considered as such, but CHARM is described in an excellent monograph [4] that is practically applicable, unlike the scattered articles on CIDOC CRM. The second of the two main sections of the article deals with CIDOC CRM and its use. We do not describe CIDOC CRM completely. Attention is paid only to its "spatial" and "process" parts. In addition, attention is paid to the use of CIDOC CRM. For this, the information from the website (https://www.cidoc-crm.org/how-i-can-use-cidoc-crm, 2023-jun-26) is used first. Then there is some initial information about the Arches software platform. We offer the Arches platform for the implementation of AGIS-CH1. Key words: Solutions Framework (SoFr), Atlas geoinformation system (AGIS), Basics of AGIS SoFr, register of CH as the first queue of AGIS

Main conceptual provisions of the creation of an electronic state register of immovable cultural heritage of Ukraine. Part 1

Annotation. To organize the creation of a new modern electronic State Register of Immovable Cultural Heritage (CH) of Ukraine, it is proposed to use a methodology based on the so-called Solutions Frameworks (SoFr) "something" = X, where X denotes both the specified system (subsystem) and class of such systems (subsystems). The application of SoFr to X entirely is called the main conceptual position 0 in the article, but despite its obviousness, the epigraph is applicable to the construction of X SoFr: “The hardest thing is to see what is right in front of you. - Goethe» [1; Preface]. X in the X SoFr record takes the meaning of a hierarchically structured Atlas Geoinformation System (AGIS), consisting of four strata (bottom-up ­): Operational (w), Application (a), Conceptual (b) and General (g). X SoFr in the article takes three meanings: SoFr AGIS1 (defines the activity of creating the first stage of AGIS - AGIS1 = X), aSoFr AGIS1 (defines the activity "between" subsystems AGIS1 Application and Operational strata top-down ¯), bSoFr AGIS1 determines the activity "between" the subsystems of AGIS1 Conceptual and Application strata from top to bottom ¯).  X SoFr is determined by the packages and the relation between them, the so-called "petrad" of Publication-Products-Processes-Basics-Services. Packages Products-Processes-Basics and the relation between them are called the main triad of SoFr. This triad is the basis of the main conceptual provisions 1-3. They are formulated as follows: SoFr.Products - provision 1, SoFr.Processes - provision 2, SoFr.Basics - provision 3. Part 1 describes the introduction to the problem and provisions 0 and 1. Provisions 2, 3 are described in Part 2. The methodology, based on the Solutions Frameworks, implements a specific systematic approach to creating a new modern electronic State Register of Immovable Cultural Heritage of Ukraine

ATLAS BASEMAPS IN WEB 2.0 EPOCH

The authors have analyzed their experience of the production of various Electronic Atlases (EA) and Atlas Information Systems (AtIS) of so-called "classical type". These EA/AtIS have been implemented in the past decade in the Web 1.0 architecture (e.g., National Atlas of Ukraine, Atlas of radioactive contamination of Ukraine, and others). One of the main distinguishing features of these atlases was their static nature - the end user could not change the content of EA/AtIS. Base maps are very important element of any EA/AtIS. In classical type EA/AtIS they were static datasets, which consisted of two parts: the topographic data of a fixed scale and data of the administrative-territorial division of Ukraine. It is important to note that the technique of topographic data production was based on the use of direct channels of topographic entity observation (such as aerial photography) for the selected scale. Changes in the information technology of the past half-decade are characterized by the advent of the “Web 2.0 epoch”. Due to this, in cartography appeared such phenomena as, for example, "neo-cartography" and various mapping platforms like OpenStreetMap. These changes have forced developers of EA/AtIS to use new atlas basemaps. Our approach is described in the article. The phenomenon of neo-cartography and/or Web 2.0 cartography are analysed by authors using previously developed Conceptual framework of EA/AtIS. This framework logically explains the cartographic phenomena relations of three formations: Web 1.0, Web 1.0x1.0 and Web 2.0. Atlas basemaps of the Web 2.0 epoch are integrated information systems. We use several ways to integrate separate atlas basemaps into the information system – by building: weak integrated information system, structured system and meta-system. This integrated information system consists of several basemaps and falls under the definition of "big data". In real projects it is already used the basemaps of three strata: Conceptual, Application and Operational. It is possible to use several variants of the basemap for each stratum. Furthermore, the developed methods of integration allow logically coordinate the application of different types of basemaps into a specific EA/AtIS. For example, such variants of the Conceptual strata basemap as the National map of Ukraine of our production and external resources such as OpenStreetMap are used with the help of meta-system replacement procedures. The authors propose a Conceptual framework of the basemap, which consists of the Conceptual solutions framework of the basemap and few Application solutions frameworks of the basemap. Conceptual framework is intended to be reused in many projects and significantly reduce the resources. We differentiate Application frameworks for mobile and non-mobile environments. The results of the research are applied in few EA produced in 2014-2015 at the Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. One of them is the Atlas of emergency situations. It includes elements that work on mobile devices. At its core it is "ubiquitous" subset of the Atlas

Infrastructure of Geospatial Data in Ukraine: Status and Methodological Problems of Legislative Regulation

The success of the creation and operation of the national infrastructure for geospatial data (NIGD), aimed at the development of the geospatial world for the development of the economy, the provision of vital services, the maintenance of sustainable development, improving the lives of people around the world is based on several generally accepted things in the world. Legislative, institutional and financial issues need to be resolved and organizational measures aimed at creating and developing such an infrastructure should be determined on their basis. Based on the analysis of world trends in the field of NIGD and UN recommendations on the ideology of constructing such systems at the national level, the state of development of NIGD in Ukraine and the status of institutional, legislative and financial support in this area are analyzed. Deviations from the UN recommendations are outlined, systemic principles of the creation of the NIGD are proposed, and a list of measures and actions for the return of the process of constructing the NIGD on the innovative way is proposed

Main conceptual provisions of the creation of an electronic state register of immovable cultural heritage of Ukraine. Part 2: processes

Abstract. Part 2 describes the processes of activities for the creation of a new modern electronic State Register of Immovable Cultural Heritage (CH) of Ukraine. They are part of the methodology based on AGIS-CH1 Solutions Framework (SoFr), where AGIS-CH1 represents the first queue of the hierarchically structured Atlas GeoInformation System (AGIS). AGIS-CH generally consists of four strata: Operational (w), Application (a), Conceptual (b) and General (g). The processes in the article refer to AGIS1 aSoFr, which determines the activities "between" AGIS1 subsystems of the Application and Operational strata. The processes related to bSoFr AGIS-CH1, which determines the activities "between" AGIS-CH1 subsystems of the Conceptual and Application strata, are also mentioned. AGIS-CH1 SoFr is defined by packages and relations between them of Publications-Products-Processes-Basics-Services "petrad". Packages Products-Processes-Basics and the relations between them are called the main triad of SoFr. This triad is the basis of the main conceptual provisions 1-3. They are formulated as follows: AGIS-CH1 SoFr.Products – provision 1, AGIS-CH1 SoFr.Processes – provision 2, AGIS-CH1 SoFr.Basics – provision 3. Part 2 describes AGIS-CH1 SoFr.Processes – development and quality assurance processes of AGIS-CH1, which corresponds to the Main Conceptual Provision 2. Key words: Solutions Framework (SoFr), Atlas GeoInformation System (AGIS), State Register of Immovable Cultural Heritage, development and quality assurance processes